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LPIC-2 Exam 201, Part 1 of 2, version 4.5
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Which command displays the dependencies of a kernel module named xfs before attempting to load it?
/bin/dmesg | grep xfs
/sbin/lspci -k xfs
/sbin/lsmod | grep xfs
/sbin/modinfo xfs
/sbin/modinfo -r xfs
Answer: D
Explanation: The /sbin/modinfo xfs command displays the dependencies of the xfs module, listed under
the “depends” field. /bin/dmesg | grep xfs shows kernel logs, not dependencies. /sbin/lspci -k xfs is invalid, as lspci does not accept module names. /sbin/lsmod | grep xfs shows loaded modules, not dependencies of unloaded modules. /sbin/modinfo -r xfs is invalid, as modinfo does not support -r.
To list all kernel modules not used in the past hour, which method is reliable?
lsmod | grep unused
dmesg --unused-modules
Combine lsmod with process monitoring (no direct command)
grep "not used" /proc/modules
modprobe --show-unused
Answer: C
Explanation: No direct command exists; combine lsmod with lsof or ps to track module usage over time.
When installing a newly compiled kernel on a Red Hat-based system, which command ensures that the initramfs image is generated and the GRUB bootloader is updated to include the new kernel?
dracut -f /boot/initramfs-5.15.img 5.15; update-grub
mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-5.15 5.15; grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
mkinitrd /boot/initrd.img-5.15 5.15; update-grub2
dracut /boot/initramfs-5.15.img 5.15; grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
mkinitrd -f /boot/initramfs-5.15.img 5.15; grub-mkconfig
Answer: D
Explanation: On Red Hat-based systems, dracut is the standard tool for generating initramfs images, and dracut /boot/initramfs-5.15.img 5.15 creates an initramfs for kernel version 5.15. The grub2-mkconfig -o
/boot/grub2/grub.cfg command updates the GRUB configuration to include the new kernel. The -f option in dracut is optional for overwriting, but not strictly necessary here. The other options are incorrect because mkinitramfs is typically used on Debian-based systems, update-grub is a Debian-specific script, and grub-mkconfig alone is not the correct command on Red Hat systems.
Which pstree option shows PIDs and states?
-p
-s
-c
-g
-u
Answer: A
Explanation: pstree -p displays PIDs. States aren't shown by default; combine with ps for state data.
While troubleshooting a USB device that intermittently disconnects, you need to identify the specific device’s details by its vendor and product ID (e.g., 1234:5678). Which command achieves this?
lsusb -v
lsusb -d 1234:5678
lsusb -t
lsusb --device 1234:5678
lsusb --vendor 1234
Answer: B
Explanation: The lsusb -d 1234:5678 command filters the USB device list to show only the device with the specified vendor and product ID, making it ideal for pinpointing specific device details. The lsusb -v command is too verbose, lsusb -t shows the hierarchy, and lsusb --device and lsusb --vendor are not valid options.
You need to check if ext4 module supports fsync(). Which command reveals module parameters?
lspci -k | grep ext4
lsmod -p ext4
dmesg | grep ext4
modinfo -F parm ext4
insmod --show-params ext4.ko
Answer: D
Explanation: modinfo -F parm lists parameters a module accepts, indicating supported features.
What is the effect of running make oldconfig with a .config file from an older kernel version?
Builds the kernel with the old configuration
Installs modules using the old configuration
Discards the old .config and creates a new one
Prompts for new options and updates .config
Generates a graphical configuration interface
Answer: D
Explanation: The make oldconfig command reads the existing .config file and prompts for new options introduced in the current kernel version, updating .config accordingly. It does not build the kernel, discard the .config, install modules, or launch a graphical interface.
Which command and options allow you to measure disk I/O throughput in megabytes per second for a specific device (e.g., /dev/sdb)?
dstat -cd --disk /dev/sdb
iotop -o -d /dev/sdb
iostat -m /dev/sdb 2
sar -d -p /dev/sdb 2
vmstat -p /dev/sdb
Answer: C
Explanation: iostat -m /dev/sdb 2 displays disk I/O throughput in megabytes per second for /dev/sdb, updated every 2 seconds. dstat -cd --disk /dev/sdb is not valid. iotop -o -d /dev/sdb focuses on processes, not device throughput. sar -d -p /dev/sdb 2 provides disk stats but not in MB/s by default. vmstat -p
/dev/sdb shows partition stats, not throughput.
Which make target builds the kernel and all modules?
all
bzImage
modules
vmlinux
install
Answer: A
Explanation: make all builds both the kernel image and modules.
A server's disk space usage:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%
/dev/sda1 100G 80G 20G 80%
If daily growth is 1.5GB with variance ±0.2GB, what is the earliest day capacity could exceed 95%?
Day 15
Day 13
Day 10
Day 18
Answer: C
Explanation: Free space needed: 100G×0.15=15GB) Max growth/day=1.5+0.2=1.7GB) Days=15/1.7≈8.8
→ 9 days. Earliest: 9 days from now.
You are tasked with increasing the maximum number of open files on a Linux server to 500,000 to support a high-traffic database application. Which command and configuration file should you use to make this change persistent across reboots?
echo 500000 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max; edit /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -w fs.file-max=500000; edit /etc/sysctl.d/99-custom.conf
sysctl fs.file-max=500000; edit /proc/sys/fs/file-max
echo fs.file-max=500000 > /etc/sysctl.conf; sysctl -p
sysctl -w fs.file-max=500000; edit /etc/sysctl.conf
Answer: B, E
Explanation: To set the maximum number of open files, sysctl -w fs.file-max=500000 applies the change immediately. For persistence, you can edit either /etc/sysctl.conf or a custom file in /etc/sysctl.d/ (e.g., 99-custom.conf) with the line fs.file-max=500000. Both approaches are valid, as /etc/sysctl.d/ files are processed alongside /etc/sysctl.conf, with the latter taking precedence if conflicts exist.
Which command displays the description and author of the loop module?
depmod -d loop
rmmod --info loop
modinfo -F description -F author loop
sysctl -a | grep loop
udevadm info loop
Answer: C
Explanation: The modinfo -F description -F author loop command extracts the description and author fields from the loop module's metadata. The other options are invalid or unrelated to module metadata extraction.
An administrator needs to identify the kernel module parameters for a loaded module named i915. Which command displays this information?
/bin/dmesg | grep i915
/sbin/lspci -k i915
/sbin/lsmod | grep i915
/usr/bin/lsdev i915
/sbin/modinfo i915
Answer: E
Explanation: The /sbin/modinfo i915 command displays detailed information about the i915 module, including its available parameters and their descriptions. /bin/dmesg | grep i915 shows kernel logs but not parameter details. /sbin/lspci -k i915 is invalid, as lspci does not accept module names. /sbin/lsmod | grep i915 lists loaded modules but not their parameters. /usr/bin/lsdev i915 is invalid, as lsdev does not accept module names.
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