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Question: 189
Conforming to group pressure out of a need for acceptance and approval is called
.
Norm Fruitation
Norm Conformation
Normative Social Influence
Normalization
Answer: C
The conformity to group pressure because of a need of acceptance and approval is referred to as Normative Social Influence. This can include such things as asking what everyone is wearing to a certain social function to giving in to destructive or illegal behaviors to maintain acceptance and approval.
Question: 190
Every culture has definite „norms.‟ One that seems to include all cultures has to do with maintaining an appropriate distance between people. This distance is referred to as .
Physical Space
Interpersonal Distance
Appropriate Distance
Personal Space
Answer: D
The comfortable distance to maintain between people is known as Personal Space. This distance will vary from culture to culture. For instance, Americans seem to like twice as much distance as, say, the Chinese culture. The preferred interpersonal distance will differ according to the situation also.
Question: 191
Groups seem to have several influences on an individual; one such influence comes from the need for direction and information and the belief that the group has more knowledge than the individual. This is referred to as
.
Informational Social Influence
Individual Need Influence
Group Influence Need
None of the above
Answer: A
Have you ever bought a specific brand of anything (a cell phone, or ski equipment) because your friend recommended it? You conform not to gain their approval (Normative Social Influence), but because you assume they have more information than you. That is Informational Social Influence.
Question: 192
192. Attractive actors and popular sports stars are paid lots of money to endorse certain products because advertisers know that we want to be as attractice, beautiful, or popular as they are. What is this major factor called?
Star Quality Groups
Reference Groups
Sky High Groups
Attractiveness Factor
Answer: B
Anyone we admire, like, or want to imitate is in our Reference Group. A funny thing about humans is that we think if we just wear the same kind of outfit, or use the same makeup, or buy the same type of sports shoes, we will be just as gorgeous, athletic, or as talented as our favorite star or personage.
Question: 193
What are the two major forms of social influence?
Imitation, Acceptance
Personal, Approval
Conformity, Obedience
Information, Responsibility
Answer: C
Conformity and obedience are the two major forms of social influence. When people understand all the factors involved in a situation they can use that knowledge to decide when obedience and/or conformity is appropriate and ethical. Conformity and obedience in the wrong group or portion of society can also be a major influence in the downfall of society.
Question: 194
One of the best ways to decrease destructive forms of obedience is by the assignment of .
Approval
Imitation
Obedience
Responsibility
Answer: D
Research has found when participants are reminded that they will be held responsible for an outcome (harm to others - destruction of property), the destructive obedience is reduced sharply. Responsibility reminders in all actions help participants make their „own‟ decisions instead of „group‟ decisions.
Question: 195
What is Conformity?
Going along with the group
Changing one‟s behavior because of real or imagined group pressure
Doing what is popular at the time
All of the above
Answer: D
Any one of the descriptions above fit conformity. When you conform (or change) your opinions, actions, or thinking to fit into or belong to a group of any size (remember two can be a group), you are giving in to „conformity.‟
Question: 196
How do you decide why someone did something? It has been found that most people first try to figure out if the person acted as a result of internal or external causes. Harold Kelly gave three criteria for answering the internal-external
question; can you find two of them below?
Consistency, Fault
Mind-set, Distinctiveness
Unusual, Consensus
Consistency, Consensus
Answer: D
The three criteria are Consistency, Consensus, and Distinctiveness. When all three are high, Harold Kelly says we tend to make External Attributions, But when consensus and distinctiveness are low and consistency is high, we tend to make Internal Attributions.
Question: 197
One error, or shortcut, to deciding internal/external attribution is so prevalent or basic that it is known as .
Situational Attribution Error
Blaming the Victim
Fundamental Attribution Error
Any of the above
Answer: C
Fundamental Attribution Error is a mistake in judging the causes of others‟ behavior that comes from the tendency to overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences.
Question: 198
There is a Saliency Bias associated with Attribution. Which statement below most closely describes the meaning?
Some personalities/behaviors are more noticeable than situational factors
Some people just look/act guilty, so you recognize that
It‟s a kind of cause/effect behavior
There‟s no such thing
Answer: A
Saliency Bias is the tendency to focus attention on vivid (salient) or more noticeable factors when explaining the causes of behavior. The fact that the more noticeable factors out show the situational factors help us to make quicker judgments. This leads to another factor called “Blaming the Victim.”
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