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Which conclusion is consistent with the results of the study?
Chances of death within one hour of a heart attack are greater for women than men.
Chances of death from coronary artery disease are less for men than women.
Evidence of coronary artery disease is equal among men and women.
Sudden death is more likely for both men and women if they are under age 55 at the time of the attack.
Based on the results of this experiment, of the people who died of coronary artery disease before age 65
18 percent were women
20 percent were women
85 percent were men
102 percent were men
A group of 1000 men and 1200 women between the ages of 50 and 65 are to be studied for coronary artery disease. Based on the original study, which of the following results could be predicted most reliably?
Eight (8) women will die of coronary heart disease after they reach age 65.
Sixteen (16) women will show significant evidence of coronary artery disease.
Forty-four (44) men will die of coronary artery disease after they reach age 65.
Sixty-five (65) men will show no significant evidence of coronary artery disease.
A chemistry student placed a strip of blue litmus paper and a strip of pink litmus paper in a glass dish. Then she added a drop of dilute sulfuric acid to each strip of litmus paper. She observed that the blue litmus paper turned pink, but the pink litmuspaper did not change color. Next she placed a drop of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on other strips of blue and pink litmus paper. This time, the pink litmus paper turned blue, but the blue litmus paper did not change. Finally, she put a drop of distilled water onstrips of blue and pink litmus paper. Neither strip changed color. She repeated the tests several times with the same results. The student concluded that acids turn blue litmus paper pink; bases, such as sodium hydroxide, turn pink litmus paper blue.As water did not affect either pink or blue litmus paper, she reasoned that water was not an acid or a base, but a neutral substance.
Keeping these results in mind, the student poured a little sodium hydroxide into a beaker containingpink and blue litmus paper. Then she added hydrochloric acid (HCl) drop by drop until the solutionbecame neutral. She determined that a new, neutral substance had formed in the beaker. The substance was table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), which isone of many salts formed from an acid and a base. If a drop of an unknown substance turns blue litmus paper pink, but does not change pink litmus paper, the substance is a(n):
acid
base
water
salt
In the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH):
blue litmus paper turns pink
pink litmus paper turns blue
blue litmus paper becomes darker
pink litmus paper does not change
When strips of blue and pink litmus paper are put in a beaker filled with a clear solution, neither litmus paper changes color. The solution:
must be water
must be neutral
may be an acid
may be a base
In another experiment, the student added hydrochloric acid drop by drop to a solution of sodium hydroxide containing strips of originally blue and originally pink litmus paper. As she continued adding acid, the originally:
pink litmus paper remained pink
blue litmus paper remained blue
blue litmus paper turned from pink back to blue
pink litmus paper turned from blue back to pink
In setting up an aquarium, several factors must be considered before introducing fish. Which of the following factors could be tested using litmus paper?
salinity
acidity
chlorination
temperature
The complex behavior of the poor-sighted, three-spined male stickleback fish has been studied extensively as a model of species behavior in courtship and mating. After a male has migrated to a suitable spot, he builds a spawning nest of sand and sediment. In courting, he performs a special "zigzag" dance. The female then follows the male to the nest where she spawns and he fertilizes the spawned eggs. Also, male sticklebacks have been shown to exhibit territorial behaviors. A biologist performed three experiments to learn more about the behavior of the stickleback.
Experiment 1:
Tank 1 and Tank 2 are set up with identical conditions and one male stickleback is placed in each tank. Both fish build nests in their respective tanks. The male from Tank 1 is removed from his tank and is replaced with an egg-laden female; the male from Tank 2 is removed from his tank and is introduced into Tank 1. In Tank 1, the male does not perform the zigzag dance and no spawning occurs. The male retreats to a corner of the tank.
Experiment 2:
A male stickleback in an aquarium builds his nest. A fat, round male is introduced into the environment. The original male performs the zigzag dance and attempts to lead the round male to the nest. The round male refuses and begins to flap his fins and swim in circles. The first male then begins to flap his fins, circle his nest, and occasionally prod the other fish to a far corner of the tank.
Experiment 3:
A small, flat-shaped female is introduced into a tank where a male has built a nest. The male circles the female a few times, and then retreats to a corner of the tank.
The experimental data would support the hypothesis that the purpose of the male stickleback's mating dance is to:
keep away other male sticklebacks.
fertilize the eggs.
lure and entice the female to the nest
establish territorial rights.
Based on observations from the above experiments, which factor initially stimulates the male to do the zigzag dance?
The physical environment.
The shape of the fish.
The number of fish in the tank.
The sex of the fish.
Which experiment supports the hypothesis that the male exhibits territorial behavior?
1 only.
2 only.
1 and 2 only.
1, 2, and 3.
To further investigate the territorial behavior of the stickleback, the biologist should vary which of the following factors in Experiment 2?
The temperature of the water.
The fatness of the male fish.
The sediment and sand in the tank.
The size of the tank.
To clarify the results of Experiment 1, the biologist should set up which of the following test situations?
Maintain the positions of the male sticklebacks and add another egg-laden female to Tank 1.
Place both male sticklebacks in Tank 2.
Return the original male stickleback to Tank 1 and observe its behavior with the female fish.
Repeat the experiment using a different species of fish.
A male stickleback has been established in an aquarium and has built a nest. If one egg-laden female and several flat-shaped male sticklebacks are placed in the tank, one would most likely observe:
all the males would perform the zigzag dance.
all the males would circle the female.
only the male that was originally in the tank would perform the zigzag dance.
the female would retreat to a corner.
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